# 
# The Naval Technology Group
#
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technology = {
	id = 6
	category = naval
	name = TECH_NAVAL_NAME #Localized name
	desc = TECH_NAVAL_DESC #Localized description
	
	level = { # Great War Ships
		id = 6000
		name = "Basic Naval Armaments"
		desc = "These are the basic industries that are needed by a country before the buildup of naval forces.  This includes the construction on infrastructure and ship design capabilities."
		
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90
		
		application = { # 
			id = 6013
			name = "Commercial Shipbuilding"
			desc = "The construction of merchant vessels is more simple that the construction of naval vessels.  This is due to the larger spaces within the vessel and a more simplified layout due to reduced crew complements."
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40

			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Shipbuilding
			id = 6014
			name = "Naval Shipbuilding"
			desc = "The construction of the naval vessels takes some very specialized equipment.  The slipways need to build the hulls of larger naval vessels have to be built to support the added weight of armor and redundant engineering systems.  There also have to be facilities for the installation and testing of the combat systems."
			
			required = { 6013 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Small Naval Guns
			id = 6015
			name = "Small Naval Rifles"
			desc = "The construction of small bore, rapid fire naval rifles is valuable.  These guns serve as the main battery guns of smaller warships like destroyers and escorts and as the secondary, or even tertiary batteries, of larger warships like battleships."
			
			required = { }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Medium Naval Guns
			id = 6016
			name = "Medium Naval Guns"
			desc = "The construction of medium bore, rapid firing naval rifles takes different skills than is used for smaller weapons.  These weapons typically have a seperate shell and cartridge.  The shell is still light enough to be loaded by hand by one person.  These weapons serve as the main battery guns of cruisers and sometimes as the secondary battery weapons on battleships."
			
			required = { 6015 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Heavy Naval Guns
			id = 6017
			name = "Heavy Naval Guns"
			desc = "The construction of large bore, heavy naval rifles is what makes the construction of battleship truely possible.  These large naval rifles fire two or three shells per minute and are loaded by machinery within the turret.  The shell is loaded seperately from the poweder which is loaded in several bags which are loaded after the shell is in place.  These guns serve as the main battery guns of battleships, battlecruisers, and armored cruisers."
			
			required = { 6016 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 11
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Light Armor
			id = 6018
			name = "Light Armor"
			desc = "This is light armor that is used as the main belt armor of cruisers and other smaller warships and as the superstructure armor on heavy warships like battleships.  This armor is hemogenous in that the armor properties are uniform thoughout the thickness of the armor."
			
			required = { }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Heavy Armor
			id = 6019
			name = "Heavy Armor"
			desc = "This is the heavy armor that is used in as the main belt armor of heavy warships like battleships and battlecruisers.  The armor is face hardened which gives the armor the ability to break up enemy shells on the face of the armor, but still be flexible enough to not shatter because of the softer backing material"
			
			required = { 6018 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Logistics
			id = 6020
			name = "Naval Logistics"
			desc = "This is the infrastructure that is needed to procure the supplies that are needed to support naval operations outside of coastal waters."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }	
			}
		}
		application = { # Shoreside Infrastructure
			id = 6021
			name = "Shoreside Infrastructure"
			desc = "This is the infrastructure required to run a fleet outside of coastal waters.  This includes long range communications, naval stratagy boards, naval training schools and other support activities."
			
			required = { 6020 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }					
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Supply Vessels
			id = 6022
			name = "Naval Supply Vessels"
			desc = "These vessels are necessary to get supplies from naval bases to the vessels that need them.  These supplies include everything from food to spare parts and replacement personnel."
			
			required = { 6020 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }			
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Ammunition Supply Vessel
			id = 6023
			name = "Naval Ammunition Supply Vessel"
			desc = "These vessels are necessary for replenishing the ammunition of warships following battle of target practice while away from their homeport.  This transfer of ammunition can either happen at the dock or while underway after the development of underway replenishment."
			
			required = { 6022 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }			
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Refueling Vessel
			id = 6024
			name = "Naval Refueling Vessel"
			desc = "These vessels are necessary for replenishing the fuel used by vessels.  This fuel can either be transfered at the dock or while underway after underway replenishment has been developed."
			
			required = { 6022 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }		
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Architecture
			id = 6025
			name = "Naval Architecture"
			desc = "The design of naval and merchant vessels is an exacting process.  There has to be a fine balance between the amount of weight used for weapons, armor, and propulsion.  The abiltity for countries to make their own designs with outside help requires the training of skilled personnel."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }		
			}
		}
		application = { # Transport Design
			id = 6026
			name = "Transport Design"
			desc = "Transport designs are fairly generic.  They are designed to maximize the internal volume that is available for carrying cargo.  They are also designed to be easily run with a small crew.  Merchant vessels typically have one large engine room with all of the boilers and associated control equipment in the same space."
			
			required = { 6025 6013 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = activate_unit_type which = transports }
			}
		}
		application = { # Destroyer Design
			id = 6027
			name = "Destroyer Design"
			desc = "The design of destroyers evolved from the turn of the century torpedo boat.  As torpedo boats became larger, the torpedo boat destroyer became large enough to operate with the fleet outside of coastal waters.  The destroyer eventually replaced the torpedo boat all together."
			
			required = { 6025 6014 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Cruiser Design
			id = 6028
			name = "Cruiser Design"
			desc = "Cruisers are the workhorse of any fleet.  Cruisers are good for showing the flag in times of peace.  In times of war they are used for scouting and escort duties.  Cruisers have evolved from having numerous smaller weapons spread in individual mounts around the vessel to cruisers having their guns concentrated into turrets mounted at the ends of the ship."
			
			required = { 6025 6014 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Battleship Design
			id = 6029
			name = "Battleship Design"
			desc = "Battleships are designed to fight any vessel, anywhere.  They have heavy armor and heavy guns that are designed to sink enemy vessels at long ranges.  In addition to their heavy main battery guns, they also have numerous smaller weapons asa secondary anti-ship battery and numerous anti-aircraft weapons.  They are also useful in attacking tagets on shore."
			
			required = { 6025 6014 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 12
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Marine Engineering
			id = 6030
			name = "Basic Marine Engineering"
			desc = "Marine engineering is basically the study of how to get ships to move through the water.  The main concept of basic engineering is how to generate steam and get it to turn the propellor.  This was done through many means, but the two main ways were through pistons or turbines.  Basic engineering was also used to design some basic weapons systems."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Steam Plant
			id = 6031
			name = "Basic Steam Plant"
			desc = "A basic steam plant generates low pressure steam (50-100 psi) for use in providing power and propulsion for the vessel.  The steam plant generates steam in the boiler which is run through a piston or turbine.  The steam is then run through a condenser to be condensed back into water and pumped back into the boiler to start the process again."
			
			required = { 6030 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Recipricating Engine
			id = 6032
			name = "Recipricating Engine"
			desc = "This is the first type of engine development because it is the most simple type of engine.  The steam from the boiler is put into a series of cylinders where the expansion of the steam can push the pistons which is connected to a rod.  The rod is attached to the propellor shaft to provide propulsion.  Most engines of this type had three cylinders per propellor shaft.  These plants are efficient but are difficult to maintain because of having to stop the pistons and rods at the end of each stroke."
			
			required = { 6030 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Steam Turbine
			id = 6033
			name = "Basic Steam Turbine Engine"
			desc = "This is a further development of the marine engine.  Steam from the boiler is injected into the turbine where it hits blades that are attached to a central hub.  The force of the steam hitting the blades causes the hub to turn.  This hub is attached directly to the propellor shaft.  This allows for high speeds in a small engine, but isn't efficient in fuel use because of the need to keep the speed of rotation small to avoid the propellor cavitating."
			
			required = { 6032 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Diesel Engines
			id = 6034
			name = "Large Diesel Engines"
			desc = "The production of large marine diesel engines is useful because of its efficiency in fuel use.  A marine diesel engine can run on a lower grade of diesel fuel than is needed by a road vehicle because of the larger size of the pistons.  It took a lot of development work to be able to build a diesel engine that had enough power to efficiently propell a vessel of any size."
			
			required = { 6033 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Surface Torpedo
			id = 6035
			name = "Basic Surface Torpedo"
			desc = "This is the intial development of surface torpedoes.  The basic concept of the torpedo is a warhead that is moved through the water to strike the vessel under the waterline causing enough flooding to sink the vessel.  Experimentation had to be made to get the torpedo to run straight and at the correct depth.  This is a relatively short ranged weapon with a small warhead."
			
			required = { 6030 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Fire Control
			id = 6036
			name = "Basic Fire Control"
			desc = "Fire control is needed to ensure that the weapons hit the target that they are fired at.  This is the basic technology that is needed to start the process of moving the targeting of weapons from the individual gun pointer to a more centalized location."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Turret Optics
			id = 6037
			name = "Basic Turret Optics"
			desc = "These are basic optics that improve the ability of the gunner within the turret to hit the target in conditions other than perfectly clear.  These optics provide a minimal amount of maginifiation and light amplification."
			
			required = { 6036 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Central Plotting
			id = 6038
			name = "Central Plotting"
			desc = "Information from spotters located high in the vessel is passed to a central location.  This allows for more accurate correction of range information that is then passed to the individual gun turrets."
			
			required = { 6036 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Main Battery Director
			id = 6039
			name = "Basic Main Battery Director"
			desc = "This is the intial development of a centralized fire control system.  All of the range and bearing information is passed to a central location which figures a fire solution and transmits the information to the turret.  The individual turret still has to put the turret on target and fire the guns using the information from the director."
			
			required = { 6037 6038 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Infantry Training
			id = 6040
			name = "Naval Infantry Training"
			desc = "This is the basic training that allows infantry to make attacks on defended beaches possible.  This training includes the use of basic landing craft such as prams or barges that allow troops to be landed on a hostile shore."
			
			required = { 6020 13004 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 9
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = infantry when = now value = 30 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = bergsjaeger when = now value = 30 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = paratrooper when = now value = 30 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Marines
			id = 6041
			name = "Marines"
			desc = "These are specialized troops trained to make assaults on enemy held beaches.  These troops are considered elite troops by many nations because of their high level of training required to make these assaults.  They do not suffer any penalties while assaulting enemy held beaches."
			
			required = { 6040 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = activate_unit_type which = marine }
			}
		}
	} # Level 1
	
	level = { # Basic Vessel Designs
		id = 6100
		name = "Basic Vessel Designs"
		desc = "These are the most basic designs that can be built by a nation.  These are transports, destroyers, cruisers, and battleships.  They are mostly charecterized by numerous smaller guns and a slower speed than later designs."				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Small Tramp Steamer
			id = 6113
			name = "Small Tramp Steamer"
			desc = "These are small, general purpose vessels that are cheap and easy to build.  Powered by efficient recipricating engines that give fairly good range and with a small cargo carrying capacity, these vessels made up the bulk of national merchant marines before the war."
			
			required = { 6026 6031 6032 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 1 }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Small Tramp Freighter
			id = 6114
			name = "Small Tramp Frieghter"
			desc = "These are small, general purpose vessels that are cheap and easy to build.  Powered by a large marine diesel engine that allows it to have a large range and a smaller engineering crew.  These vessels have a fairly small cargo carrying capacity."
			
			required = { 6113 6034 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 2 }				
			}
		}
		application = { # 1000 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6115
			name = "1000 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "This is a small destroyer with minimal armament and protection.  Typically armed with two or three 105mm guns and four torpedoes.  Historically this was the US Clemson-class and UK V-Class destroyers."
			
			required = { 6027 6031 6032 6035 14250 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 1 }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Protected Cruiser
			id = 6116
			name = "Protected Cruiser"
			desc = "A small, lightly armed, unarmored cruiser typically used for colony defence.  These cruisers are also known as sloops.  They are often armed with small guns (127mm) for a main battery.  Historically this was the US Erie-class gunboats."
			
			required = { 6028 6031 6032 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 1 }	
			}
		}
		application = { # Armored Cruiser 
			id = 6117
			name = "Armored Cruiser"
			desc = "These cruisers are slow, heavily armored and armed cruisers.  They typically are armed with a few large caliber guns and then numerous smaller weapons.  Historically this was the Italian San Giorgio-class and Japanese Idzumo-class armored cruisers."
			
			required = { 6018 6028 6031 6032 14254 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Pre-Dreadnaught Battleship
			id = 6118
			name = "Pre-Dreadnaught Battleship"
			desc = "This is a small battleship armed with two main gun turrets, numerous medium caliber secondary guns, and numerous smaller weapons as a tertiary battery.  They are also known as Coast Defence Battleships.  They are slow with heavy armor.  They aren't able to fight a full sized battleship one on one, but they are more than a match for cruiser if they can close the range.  Historically this was the Swedish Sverige-class or Greek Kilikis-class battleships."
			
			required = { 6019 6029 6031 6032 6037 14255 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = activate_unit_type which = battleship }
			}
		}
		application = { # Light Cruiser
			id = 6207
			name = "Light Cruiser"
			desc = "These ships are useful for scouting and for serving as flagships for destroyer flotillas.  They are typically small and fast; armed with numerous small or medium caliber guns as a main armament.  Historically this was the US Omaha-class and German Emden-class light cruisers."
			
			required = { 6033 6113 6116 14252 } 
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 3 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Dreadnaught Battleship
			id = 6208
			name = "Dreadnaught Battleship"
			desc = "This battleship type is an improvement of the pre-dreadnaught type by replacing the multiple medium caliber weapons with large caliber weapons.  They are typically armed with eight to twelve 305mm guns for attacking enemy ships at long range.  They are also armed with numerous small caliber weapons for defence against smaller warships and aircraft.  Historically this was the French Corbet-class and Spanish Espana-class battleships."
			
			required = { 6033 6038 6118 14255 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Battlecruiser
			id = 6209
			name = "Battlecruiser"
			desc = "The battlecruiser was originally designed to be able to fight through the enemy cruisers and serve as a scout for the battleships.  Eventually, the battlecruiser became used as a capital ship in it's own right.  They are typically armed with eight heavy caliber guns of equal size to battleships, but lack the armor proection of battleships.  Historically this was the Japanese Kongo-class and Turkish Yavuz-class battlecruisers."
			
			required = { 6117 6208 14255 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Super-Dreadnaught Battleship
			id = 6210
			name = "Super-Dreadnaught Battleship"
			desc = "As naval weapons got more powerful, the battleships that carried them got more powerful as well.  These ships had thicker armor belts and more powerful engines.  They also had thick deck armor to withstand the double threat of long range gunfire and bombs dropped by aircraft.  They main battery of these ships was typically eight to twelve 356mm guns or similar caliber weapons.  Historically this was the British Queen Elizabeth-class and US Tennessee-class battleships."
			
			required = { 6039 6208 14256 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 3 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Battlecruiser
			id = 6211
			name = "Large Battlecruiser"
			desc = "Even after the Battle of Jutland, the battecruiser was recognized as a value in fleet actions.  To remedy the faults of previous battlecruiser, more armor had to be added to protect the magazines from plunging fire at long ranges and the flash protection in the turrets had to be improved.  This resulted in ships that were virtually fast batteships.  Historically this was the British Hood-class battlecruisers."
			
			required = { 6209 6210 14256 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 4 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 2
	
	level = { # Great War Experience
		id = 6200
		name = "Great War Experience"
		desc = "The first world war provided a wealth of experience in fleet operations.  Fleet commanders learned how to use and manuever large groups of warships.  Admiralty Boards learned how to use the advantages of wireless communications with distant fleets.  The uses of convoys to combat submarines was another valuable lesson that was learned during the first world war."
				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Forced Draft Boilers
			id = 6307
			name = "Forced Draft Boilers"
			desc = "Forcing air into the boiler allows for more efficient combustion of the fuel.  The air is used to both atomize (spray) the fuel into the boiler and provide extra oxygen for combustion."
			required = { 6031 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Geared Steam Turbine
			id = 6308
			name = "Geared Steam Turbine"
			desc = "A set of gears is used to transfer the power from the turbine to the propellor shaft.  These gears are connected to both a high pressure turbine and a low pressure to make efficient use of the steam produced by the boilers.  The use of the gears also allows the turbine to be used at a more efficient speed."
			required = { 6033 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
			command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Convoy Operations
			id = 6309
			name = "Convoy Operations"
			desc = "This is the experience that was gained by running convoys during the first world war.  This allowed for more efficient future convoy operations because of the lessons learned in maneuvering and orginization."
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Anti-Submarine Operations
			id = 6310
			name = "Basic Anti-Submarine Operations"
			desc = "Early in the first world war it was discovered that effective means were needed to combat submarine attacks.  Effective weapons and tactics were developed.  Depth charges and tactics were effective in combating the early submarines which could only submerge for short periods of time and shallow depths."
			required = { 6413 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Seaplane Operations
			id = 6311
			name = "Seaplane Operations"
			desc = "The use of aircraft became common during the first world war.  The first use of seaplanes in combat was by the British Royal Navy during a bombing raid on German zeppelin sheds.  Experience with seaplanes led to developments in both the aircraft that were used and the effective technology to use them at sea.  Methods were developed to launch seaplanes while underway off platforms mounted on the bow."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
	} # Level 3
	
	level = { # Carrier Experimentation
		id = 6300
		name = "Carrier Experimentation"
		desc = "Experience during the first world war showed that the operation of aircraft at sea was possible.  The use of aircraft in attacks on targets ashore during the war showed that it could fill roles that surface ships would be unable to because of mines or enemy forces.  This led maritime nations to develop specialized vessels for deploying aircraft at sea."
				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90


		application = { # Basic Conversions
			id = 6411
			name = "Basic Conversions"
			desc = "The first carriers were excess naval auxillaries or battleships that were converted with a simple flight decks and aircraft handling facilities.  These conversions were mainly used for experimentation and the refining of the technology, but had a limited role in combat.  Historically this was the US Langley-class or French Bearn-class carriers."
			
			required = { 6311 13003 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = activate_unit_type which = carrier }
			}
		}
		application = { # Hydraulic Catapult
			id = 6412
			name = "Hydraulic Catapult"
			desc = "A hydraulic catapult works by harnessing the energy in a hydraulic line to accelerate the aircraft to flying speed.  This is useful when there is insufficient wind to provide lift to launch aircraft."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Arrestor Wires
			id = 6413
			name = "Arrestor Wires"
			desc = "These are heavy wire ropes that are run across the deck of the carrier's deck.  The landing aircraft has a hook mounted on the tail which snags the rope.  The arrestor wire is connected to a series of hydraulic rams which slow the aircraft to a stop."
			
			required = { }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Cruiser Conversions
			id = 6414
			name = "Large Cruiser Conversions"
			desc = "Many nations had fast battleships or battlecruisers that were surplus after the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty.  These hulls were perfect for conversion into large aircraft carriers.  The mountings for the turrets were removed and the hull built up to support the flight deck.  Historically this was the US Lexington-class and Japanese Akagi-class carriers."
			
			required = { 6211 6411 6412 6413 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 12
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 6 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Carrier Designs
			id = 6415
			name = "Carrier Designs"
			desc = "Experimentation with the various conversions gave valuable experience in carrier operations.  The experience allowed nations to determine what features would be best in purpose built carriers that were to be built later."
			
			required = { 6414 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Black Powder Catapult
			id = 6416
			name = "Black Powder Catapult"
			desc = "Although hydraulic catapults were more efficient, there use was limited on surface warships.  The problem with the hydraulic catapult was that it required openings in the deck to accomdate the hydraulic lines.  This was difficult if the catapult was to be mounted on top of an armored turret or deck.  The black powder catapult didn't require any openings and the powder charges could be kept in the ships magazine."
			
			required = { 6412 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
	} # Level 4
	
	level = { # Improved Shipbuilding
		id = 6400
		name = "Improved Shipbuilding"
		desc = "In the years following the first world war, naval technology kept growing due to a renewed naval building race.  This building race was stopped with the signing of the Washington Naval Limitation Treaty.  This forced nations to develop technologies that were more powerful, but still met displacement restrictions."
				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Weight Saving Technology
			id = 6514
			name = "Weight Saving Technology"
			desc = "The Washington Naval Limitation Treaty put a limit to the size of most warships that could be built after 1922.  This forces naval architects and marine engineers to develop technologies that would allow new warships to be more powerful than their predesessors, but still come under the weight restrictions of the treaty."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Secondary Battery Turrets
			id = 6515
			name = "Secondary Battery Turrets"
			desc = "Secondary guns had been traditionally mounted in individual mounts called casemates.  Casemates were good becasue they spread the weight of the secondary battery along the length of the vessel.  It also meant that each mount had to have its own ammunition supply and turning gear.  By combining the guns into muliple gun turrets, the wieght could be reduced by simplifying the ammunition handling, and reducing the area needed to be covered by armor."
			
			required = { 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Sloped Belt Armor
			id = 6516
			name = "Sloped Belt Armor"
			desc = "Moving the armor belt inside of the side of the ship and sloping the top of the armor towards the side of the ship increased the protection in a number of ways.  The slope of the armor increased the effective thickness of the armor allowing it to withstand more energy.  This allowed a thinner belt to give equal protection allowng for weight saving.  This saved weight could then be used to increase the engine power or reduce the length of the vessel."
			
			required = { 6019 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Small Tube Boilers
			id = 6517
			name = "Small Tube Boilers"
			desc = "A small tube boiler allows the boiler to produce the same amount of steam in a smaller space.  The steam generation tubes can be placed closer together and made shorter because of their smaller size.  These decreases the total size and weight of the boiler."
			
			required = { 6307 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Aluminum Structures
			id = 6518
			name = "Aluminum Structures"
			desc = "Aluminum is much lighter than steel for an equal volume of metal.  It does not resist damage as well as steel though.  This makes the use of aluminum in structures that don't have to resist shell fire useful for reducing the weight of the vessel."
			
			required = { 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Transom Stern
			id = 6519
			name = "Transom Stern"
			desc = "Using models in tanks, it was discovered that a flat stern (transom stern) had the same hydrodynamic properties as the traditional curved stern.  This meant that the total length of the vessel could be reduced and the framing that made up the curved stern could be eliminated, saving weight."
			
			required = { 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # High Speed Diesel Engines
			id = 6520
			name = "High Speed Diesel Engines"
			desc = "Diesel engines were traditionally used in vessels where speed didn't matter, like merchant vessels.  The ability to use them in heavy warships would give benifits in range and reduced manpower in the engineering department.  It took a lot of development time to make diesel engines that were powerful enough for large ships while not sacrificing reliability."
			
			required = { 6034 6514 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Refined Weapons Development
			id = 6521
			name = "Refined Weapons Development"
			desc = "The quest for lighter weights spilled over into the area of weapons as well.  There was a need for lighter weapons as well as weapons that could do more damage."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Dual Purpose Guns
			id = 6522
			name = "Dual Purpose Guns"
			desc = "In the past there was the need for two types of secondary guns on ships; one type for engaging surface targets and one type for engaging air targets.  A gun used against surface targets had to have a heavy shell and a high muzzel velocity.  A gun used against aircraft had to be able to loaded quickly and train quickly.  A dual purpose gun combines the qualities of both types of guns, but has to make sacrifices with each type.  This allows two guns to be replaced by a single weapon."
				
			required = { 6521 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Dual Speed Torpedoes
			id = 6523
			name = "Dual Speed Torpedoes"
			desc = "The use of dual speed torpedoes allows for more flexibility in their use.  Dual speeds gives the captain the choice of a long range shot with a slower speed, or a faster, short range shot."
			
			required = { 6035 6521 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = submarine when = now value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic ASW Weapons
			id = 6524
			name = "Basic ASW Weapons"
			desc = "The increasing speeds and operating depths of enemy submarines forced the development of better weapons to combat them.  Depth charge throwers enabled the destroyer to lay a larger pattern of depth charges.  A more hydrodynamic shape the depth charges caused them to sink faster.  This allowed deeper submarines to be effectively attacked."
			
			required = { 6310 6521 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Oxygen Powered Torpedo
			id = 6526
			name = "Oxygen Powered Torpedo"
			desc = "When torpedoes were first developed, they were run on an engine almost like a diesel engine.  They used kerosene for fuel that was burned with compressed air stored in the torpedo.  The development of oxygen in place of the compressed air will lead to longer range torpedoes."
			
			required = { 6523 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Torpedo Engines
			id = 6527
			name = "Improved Torpedo Engines"
			desc = "The research into using oxygen as part of the fuel for the torpedo also resulted in more efficient use of the kerosene fuel that propelled the torpedo.  This results in a longer range torpedo."
			
			required = { 6526 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Torpedo Warheads
			id = 6528
			name = "Large Torpedo Warheads"
			desc = "Traditional torpedo warheads had been made entirely out of TNT.  As new explosives were discovered, it became benefitial to put blocks of other explosives in combination with the TNT to get a larger explosion."
			
			required = { 6527 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Fire Control
			id = 6529
			name = "Improved Fire Control"
			desc = "Fire control is required to ensure that the shells fired actually hit the target that they are aimed at.  Centralized fire control became more important as the technology behind the director improved.  This allowed a centralized point to actually fire the guns at the optimum time."
			
			required = { 6036 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Turret Optics
			id = 6530
			name = "Advanced Turret Optics"
			desc = "Advances in director technology was driven in part by better optics.  These optics allowed for precise targeting at longer ranges.  These optics were also installed in turrets to serve as a back-up system in the event that the director was out of action."
			
			required = { 6037 6529 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Main Battery Director
			id = 6531
			name = "Improved Main Battery Director"
			desc = "As the technology behind the director got better, their ability to engage targets at longer range got better.  Most directors were fitted with a long base rangefinder as a part of the director which allowed for quicker fire solutions because there was no need for information to be transmitted to the director."
			
			required = { 6039 6529 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Secondary Battery Director
			id = 6532
			name = "Basic Secondary Battery Director"
			desc = "The basic secondary battery director was the result of the refinements in the main battery director.  As the technology got better, it also got smaller.  This allowed a seperate directors to be mounted for the control of the secondary battery.  Typically there were two or more directors depending on the number of guns in the secondary battery."
			
			required = { 6531 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Spotting Aircraft
			id = 6533
			name = "Spotting Aircraft"
			desc = "Aircraft launched for the ship could spot the fall of shells that were beyond visual range.  An aircraft was able to provide accurate spotting information because of its location high above the battle area.  A spotter in the aircraft radioed the corrections back to the vessel after each salvo."
			
			required = { 6416 6529 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 11
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = naval_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 5
	
	level = { # Washington Treaty Designs
		id = 6500
		name = "Washington Treaty Designs"
		desc = "The Washington Naval Treaty was signed in 1922.  As part of that treaty, many nations agreed to limit the size of naval vessels to certain sizes and weapons.  The treaty also had the effect of ending the post-war naval building race that started shortly after the end of the first world war."
				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Medium Steamer
			id = 6610
			name = "Medium Steamer"
			desc = "This is an improvement on the small tramp steamer that was so prevelent during World War 1.  The consolidation of ports made it more economical to operate large ships that made stops at a limited number of ports."
			
			required = { 6033 6113 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 3 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Medium Freighter
			id = 6611
			name = "Medium Freighter"
			desc = "This is a varient on the standard medium steamer.  THe freighter has a diesel engine for it's power plant.  This allows the vessel to use less fuel on voyages and run with a small engineering crew.  Those traits were very important to merchant vessel operators."
			
			required = { 6114 6809 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 4 }
			}
		}		
		application = { # 1500 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6612
			name = "1500 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "This type of destroyer is representative of the first classes of interwar destroyers.  These destroyers took into account the lessons that were learned in the first world war, and also utilized advances in engineering, weaponry, construction techniques that were developed following the war.  Historically this was the Japanese Fabuki-class and US Farragut-class destroyers."
			
			required = { 6115 6517 6518 6522 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 4 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Treaty Light Cruiser
			id = 6613
			name = "Treaty Light Cruiser"
			desc = "The Washington Naval Treaty created the class of light cruiser (as opposed to heavy cruiser).  Light cruisers were defined as a cruiser with a main battery of guns 152mm or smaller.  The treaty also limited the size of the cruisers to 10000 ton standard displacement.  The use of turrets for the main battery was introduced to reduce the length of the vessel and to provide more room for engine rooms through the elimination of magazines.  Historically this was the British Leander-class and Italian Da Barbiano-class light cruisers."
			
			required = { 6207 6517 6519 6532 14252 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 4 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Treaty Heavy Cruiser
			id = 6614
			name = "Treaty Heavy Cruiser"
			desc = "The Washington Naval Treaty created the class of heavy cruiser (as opposed to light cruiser).  Heavy cruisers were defined as a cruiser with a main battery of 203mm.  The treaty limited cruisers to a standard displacement of 10000 tons.  Historically this was the US Northampton-class and British Dorsetshire-class heavy cruisers."
			
			required = { 6207 6517 6519 6531 14253 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Pocket Battleship
			id = 6615
			name = "Pocket Battleship"
			desc = "The Germans were limited by the Versailles Treaty to battleships of 10000 tons.  They designed a cruiser (small battleship) that could outgun any cruiser in the world and outrun any more heavily gunned ship but the fast battlecruisers.  The pocket battleships were equipped with efficient diesel engines to give them a long range which would be valuable in merchant raiding.  This design was analyzed by other countries as an alternative to expensive battleships, but in the end, they decided that it wasn't worth the use of their valuable battleship tonnage allowed by the Washington Treaty."
			
			required = { 6117 6518 6520 14254 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 11
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 6 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Treaty Battleship
			id = 6616
			name = "Treaty Battleship"
			desc = "The Washington Naval Treaty limited battleships to 35000 ton standard displacement.  This wasn't much larger than the battleships being completed at the end of World War 1, but was much smaller than some of the designs that were being built or on the drawing board following the war.  This meant that designers had to find a way to balance the new requirement for speed with the continued need for heavy armament and protection.  Historically this was the British Nelson-class and French Richelieu-class battleships."
			
			required = { 6210 6515 6516 6517 6522 6530 6531 14257 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 11
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Aviation Cruiser
			id = 6617
			name = "Aviation Cruiser"
			desc = "During the 1930s, many nations looked at building a hybrid cruiser-carrier to supplement their carrier tonnage which was limited by the Washington Naval Treaty.  The aviation cruiser designs typically had two or three 152mm turrets forward with a flight deck and island aft.  They had a limited air group of 28 aircraft, but did have armor on the scale of contempary light cruisers.  All of the countries that looked at the design determined that it was not a worthwhile use of their limited cruiser tonnage."
			
			required = { 6415 6613 14252 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 4 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Fleet Carrier
			id = 6618
			name = "Fleet Carrier"
			desc = "Experimentation with the converted carriers resulted in designs for purpose built carriers.  The first carriers were intended to act as scouting and support elements for the traditional battleline of battleships, but as the their tactics evolved, they became independant striking units.  Historically this was the British Ark Royal-class, US Yorktown-class, and Japanese Shokaku-class carriers."
			
			required = { 6415 6517 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 3 }
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 7 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 6	

	level = { # Advanced Shipbuilding
		id = 6600
		name = "Advanced Shipbuilding"
		desc = "The relaxation of the limitations of the Washington Naval Treaty opened up new areas of shipbuilding technology.  The use of marine electronics also became more common as radar systems and small radios became available.  There were also improvements in naval aviation as fleets gained experience operating aircraft."
				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Basic Marine Electronics
			id = 6716
			name = "Basic Marine Electronics"
			desc = "The field of electronics grew during the 1930s.  The production of cheap vaccuum tubes and other advances, made the development of devices like radar and small radio set possible."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Decimetric Air Search Radar
			id = 6717
			name = "Basic Decimetric Air Search Radar"
			desc = "Radar had been originally developed for use at stations on shore.  Before they could be used onboard ships they had to be 'hardened' to withstand the stress of being on a moving vessel and the corrosion associated with salt water.  These sets are so large that they must be mounted on a larger vessel such as a cruiser, battleship, or carrier."
			
			required = { 3003 3102 6716 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Decimetric Surface Search Radar
			id = 6718
			name = "Basic Decimetric Surface Search Radar"
			desc = "This is the 'A-Scope' surface search radar.  The operator looks at a line on the screen.  If there is a spike on the line it gives the operator the range of the target.  A seperate guage tells what the bearing of the target is.  This system is easily blanked out by nearby land or rain."
			
			required = { 6717 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = surface_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 2 }				
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Sonar/ASDIC
			id = 6719
			name = "Basic Sonar/ASDIC"
			desc = "Sonar/ASDIC works by sending out sound waves into the water where they reflected off the target submarine.  The timing of the reflected sound wave is measured to give the distance to the target.  Basic sonar/ASDIC cannot detect a submarine running on the surface."
			
			required = { 6716 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  } # 2% increased Def efficiency of Convoys
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved MF/HF Radios
			id = 6720
			name = "Improved MF/HF Radios"
			desc = "The use of skywaves allows the operator to communicate with vessels at longer ranges.  Skywaves are radio waves that are 'bounced' off ionized layers of the atmosphere.  The use of skywaves allows the radio mast to be made shorter."
			
			required = { 6716 3007 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = surface_detection which = cruiser when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = destroyer when = now value = 2 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = cruiser when = now value = 2 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = battleship when = now value = 2 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = carrier when = now value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # VHF Tactical Radios
			id = 6721
			name = "VHF Tactical Radios"
			desc = "Small very high frequency (VHF) radios allowed commanders to talk to each other in realtime.  This allowed for better coordination between units during battle.  The short wavelength of the radio waves limits VHF communications to the range of the horizon."
			
			required = { 6716 3006 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = max_organization which = destroyer when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = cruiser when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = battleship when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = max_organization which = carrier when = now value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Marine Engineering
			id = 6722
			name = "Improved Marine Engineering"
			desc = "Improvements in the field of marine engineering allowed for more efficiency in propulsion.  These improvements in engineering also allowed for improvements in the survivability of vessels through dewatering and back-up power."
			
			required = { }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Diesel Fire Pump
			id = 6723
			name = "Diesel Fire Pump"
			desc = "A large centrifigal pump is connected to the drive shaft of a diesel engine.  This gives the ability to pump water even if the main engineering plant is damaged or destroyed.  This gives the crew the ability to continue to fight fires."
			
			required = { 6722 6520 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Diesel Generator
			id = 6724
			name = "Diesel Generator"
			desc = "The use of a diesel engine for an emergency generator means that it can be placed away from the engine room.  This gives the vessel added survivability in the event that the engine room is damaged or destroyed."
			
			required = { 6723 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = naval_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Steam Plant
			id = 6725
			name = "Improved Steam Plant"
			desc = "The use of superheated steam allows a single boiler to provide more power for use by engines and generators.  Superheated steam is made by passing the steam through the boiler a second time.  This superheats the steam by ensuring that there is no water in the steam.  The allows for higher temperatures and pressures to be achieved."
			
			required = { 6722 6517 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Naval Aviation
			id = 6726
			name = "Improved Naval Aviation"
			desc = "Advances in the field of aviation eventually made their way into the specialized field of naval aviation.  Naval warplanes became lighter, faster and more maneuverable.  This meant that the facilites on the carrier had to get improved to maintain and operate these more advanced aircraft."
			
			required = { 6618 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Merchant Vessel Conversions
			id = 6727
			name = "Merchant Vessel Conversions"
			desc = "During the early years of the war many nations looked at how to convert readily available merchant vessels into aircraft carriers.  These conversions tended to be simple.  Moving the stacks and intakes to the sides of the deck, and adding a flight deck and hanger to the exsisting main deck."
			
			required = { 6610 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Light Cruiser Conversions
			id = 6728
			name = "Light Cruiser Conversions"
			desc = "During the early years of the war many nations looked at ways to convert the light cruiser hulls that were building into aircraft carriers in order to get carriers to the fleet quickly.  These were fairly complex conversions.  The main battery magazines had to be converted to magazines for bombs and torpedoes and fuel storage had to be created.  The hanger and flight deck were built up on the hull."
			
			required = { 6613 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}

		application = { # Improved Aviation Fueling System
			id = 6729
			name = "Improved Aviation Fueling System"
			desc = "The fueling system for the aviation gasoline (avgas) on the carrier is very vulnerable to damage, fire, and explosion.  By moving the pipes outside of the hull as much as possible and installing a system that would fill the pipes with carbon dioxide, it reduced the threat of dangerous vapors filling the ship and exploding."
			
			required = { 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = naval_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Directional Homing Beacons
			id = 6730
			name = "Directional Homing Beacons"
			desc = "Directional homing beacons send out a coded radio signal in all directions.  As your bearing to the ship changes, the letter code that is recieved changes.  This allows aircraft to find their way back to the carrier from long ranges."
			
			required = { 6726 6720 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Aircraft Handling Systems
			id = 6731
			name = "Improved Aircraft Handling Systems"
			desc = "As aircraft got larger, the amount of space that they took up on the flight deck got bigger.  This meant that aircraft had to be moved around the deck more often than in the past.  Specialized handling tractors were developed to move the aircraft around the deck more quickly."
			
			required = { 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Arrestor Wires
			id = 6732
			name = "Improved Arrestor Wires"
			desc = "As the weight and speed of naval aircraft got larger, the equipment used to recover them on deck had to get more robust."
			
			required = { 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Heavy Shipboard Torpedoes
			id = 6733
			name = "Heavy Shipboard Torpedoes"
			desc = "The combination of improved propulsion and a heavier warhead allowed for greater hitting power with torpedoes.  These torpedoes required a refit to mount on vessels because of the greatly increased size of the mount."
			
			required = { 6526 6527 6528 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 12
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {				
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 7
	
	level = { # Specialized Amphibious Warfare Equipment
		id = 6700
		name = "Specialized Amphibious Warfare Equipment"
		desc = "As navies had to make attacks against enemy held beaches, they discovered that specialized equipment was going to be needed in order make those attacks successful." 
				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90
		
		application = { # Naval Special Forces
			id = 6810
			name = "Naval Special Forces"
			desc = "As the war progressed, nations discovered that they needed specialized forces for going in to scout and prepare enemy beaches.  The British created the Special Boat Service (SBS) and the US created their UDT divers.  These forces make it easier for the marines following them to succeed with their assaults."
			
			required = { 6041 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = marine when = now value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Coordinated Naval Gunfire
			id = 6811
			name = "Coordinated Naval Gunfire"
			desc = "Coordinated naval gunfire was made possible by detailed fire support plans and communications between the troops on shore and the ships offshore.  Specially trained spotters landed with the troops radioed targets and corrections.  This allowed more efficient fire at targets of opportunity."
			
			required = { 6721 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cruiser when = now value = 20 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = battleship when = now value = 20 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Specialized Infantry Landing Craft
			id = 6812
			name = "Specialized Infantry Landing Craft"
			desc = "The use of specialized landing craft allowed the troops to land with some armor protection.  Landing craft can get the troops on to shore with out having to cross the surf under fire.  These craft can also land a limited amount of supplies across the beach."
			
			required = { 2206 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = marine when = now value = 10 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = infantry when = now value = 10 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = bergsjaeger when = now value = 10 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = paratrooper when = now value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Specialized Vehicle Landing Craft
			id = 6813
			name = "Specialized Vehicle Landing Craft"
			desc = "The Landing Ship (Tank) allows vehicles to be landed onto an unprepared beach.  The LST pushes her bow up onto the beach and extends a ramp that allows the tanks to drive into combat.  These vessels can also transport cavalry directly into combat without having to wait for horses to arrive seperately."
			
			required = { 6812 2606 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = armor when = now value = 20 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = motorized when = now value = 20 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = mechanized when = now value = 20 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cavalry when = now value = 20 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Specialized Fire Support Craft
			id = 6814
			name = "Specialized Fire Support Craft"
			desc = "These are infantry landing craft that have been modified to fire rockets and guns in support of troops ashore.  They can get close into shore because of their shallow draft and reinforced bows.  They fire concentrated salvoes of rockets at targets of opportunity that are targeted by spotters ashore."
			
			required = { 6811 6812 7002 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = marine when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = infantry when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cavalry when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = armor when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = bergsjaeger when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = paratrooper when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = motorized when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = mechanized when = now value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Specialized Amphibious Command Ship
			id = 6815
			name = "Specialized Amphibious Command Ship"
			desc = "These are merchant vessels that have been converted specifically to provide a command center for amphibious operations.  They have extensive communications equipment and are equipped with rooms for planning operations.  The communications equipment allows the commander to monitor events both ashore and at sea."
			
			required = { 6720 6610 13206 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = shore_attack which = marine when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = infantry when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cavalry when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = armor when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = bergsjaeger when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = paratrooper when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = motorized when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = mechanized when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = cruiser when = now value = 5 }
				command = { type = shore_attack which = battleship when = now value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Amphibious Supply Craft
			id = 6816
			name = "Amphibious Supply Craft"
			desc = "The ability to land supplies across an unprepared beach gives the ability to sustain operations until a port for supply can be secured."
			
			required = { 13206 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = marine when = now value = -0.25 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 8
	
	level = { # Refined Marine Technology
		id = 6800
		name = "Refined Marine Technology"
		desc = "The use of electronics became more important in the field of naval combat.  The use of electronics allowed for detection at longer ranges.  This meant that the combat happened at longer ranges as well."
				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Refined ASW Technology
			id = 6908
			name = "Refined ASW Technology"
			desc = "As the war progressed, the ability of surface vessels to detect and destroy submarine increased.  Both new technology and better tactics were a major part of this improvement in capability."
			
			required = { 6524 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Refined ASW Tactics
			id = 6909
			name = "Refined ASW Tactics"
			desc = "Improved tactics proved to be an equalizer in the fight to protect convoys from submarines.  Many of the tactics relied on the fact that submarines were slower submerged.  This allowed the convoy to get passed while the submarine was evading the escorts.  Even if the submarine wasn't destroyed, it is a victory because the convoy survives."
			
			required = { 6524 6908 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Long Range ASW Aircraft
			id = 6910
			name = "Basic Long Range ASW Aircraft"
			desc = "Flying boats were converted to make anti-submarine patrol aircraft.  They were fitted with racks for depth charges and flare dispensors for attacks at night.  The long range of the flying boats allowed convoys to have air cover farther out to sea."
			
			required = { 6524 13302 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = naval_bomber when = now value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Coordinated ASW Tactics
			id = 6911
			name = "Coordinated ASW Tactics"
			desc = "Multiple destroyers working together were more effective for destroying enemy submarines than one destroyer working alone.  Developing tactic for the destroyers to work together took some time.  One destroyer would aquire the submarine using sonar/ASDIC while another submarine makes an attack run.  A single destroyer will lose contact when passing over the top of the enemy submarine.  This allowed repeated attacks without having to reaquire the target."
			
			required = { 6909 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # HF Direction Finder
			id = 6912
			name = "HF Direction Finder"
			desc = "High frequency direction finders (Huff Duff) allows a vessel to get bearing to a transmitting radio.  An antenna in the shape of a loop is rotated until the signal is the strongest.  This gives the bearing to the transmitting submarine.  If more than one vessel gets a bearing it will allow for the position to be triangulated and then investigated."
			
			required = { 3206 6720 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Depth Charge Mortar
			id = 6913
			name = "Basic Depth Charge Mortar"
			desc = "This is a system that fires small, contact fused depth charges ahead of the vessel.  The contact fuse removes doubt as to whether or not the attack was effective.  If there is no explosion all of the charges have missed their target.  That fact that the charges are fired ahead allows a single destroyer to make an attack while still tracking the target.  Historically this was the Mousetrap system."
			
			required = { 6909 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  } # 3% increased Def efficiency of Convoys
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Fire Control Systems
			id = 6914
			name = "Advanced Fire Control Systems"
			desc = "Better manufacturing techniques and improved electronics allowed for better control systems for weapons systems.  The use of radar was also becoming available for use in solving the range portion of the fire control solution."
			
			required = { 6529 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Superior Turret Optics
			id = 6915
			name = "Superior Turret Optics"
			desc = "Optics became more precice as manufacturing processes improved.  Optics could now be mounted in directors and turrets that allowed for engaging of targets at night and in reduced visibility."
			
			required = { 6530 2401 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Main Battery Director
			id = 6916
			name = "Advanced Main Battery Director"
			desc = "Main battery directors were mounted on towers high on the vessel in order to give them a long visibility.  The director was able to train and fire the main battery turrets remotely.  This allowed for more accurate fire on distant targets because of the centralized control."
			
			required = { 6914 6531 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Seconday Battery Director
			id = 6917
			name = "Improved Seconday Battery Director"
			desc = "Improvements in electronics allowed for seondary battery directors to be made more compact."
			
			required = { 6914 6532 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic AA Battery Director
			id = 6918
			name = "Basic AA Battery Director"
			desc = "This is a smaller director that could be mounted on the vessel in numbers sufficient for controlling the numerous AA batteries that were required because of the more powerful aircraft entering service."
			
			required = { 6917 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Fire Control Computer
			id = 6919
			name = "Basic Fire Control Computer"
			desc = "This is a simple mechanical computer that is mounted deep within the vessel.  It allows an accurate fire control solution to be computed and fed to the director.  This allows for more accurate fire at long ranges because the movement of the target vessel can be taken into account in the solutions.  That was something that pre-computed solution tables coundn't do as effectively."
			
			required = { 6914 3302 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Marine Electronics
			id = 6920
			name = "Improved Marine Electronics"
			desc = "There were many improvements in the field of electronics during the early years of the war.  These improvements gradually made their way into the field of marine electronics."
			
			required = {  }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Centimetric Air Search Radar
			id = 6921
			name = "Basic Centimetric Air Search Radar"
			desc = "The reduction in the wavelength of radar signals allowed for the antenna to be made smaller.  This allowed small warships to mount and effective air search radar.  The smaller wavelength also allows the operator to distinguish between individual aircraft on the screen."
			
			required = { 6920 3501 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Centimetric Surface Search Radar
			id = 6922
			name = "Basic Centimetric Surface Search Radar"
			desc = "Centimetric radar was able to cut through surface clutter better than the proceeding decimetric radar.  Improvments in the technology used for the screen and for plotting allowed for better utilization of radar in navigation and in combat."
			
			required = { 6921 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = surface_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved ASDIC/Sonar
			id = 6923
			name = "Improved ASDIC/Sonar"
			desc = "The use of multiple transducers allowed the ASDIC/Sonar to be 'steered' on target without having to physically turn a piece of equipment.  This was made posible by electronics which could analyze multiple signals and combine them into a single signal which the operator could manipulate."
			
			required = { 6719 3502 6911 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  } # 2% increased Def efficiency of Convoys
			}
		}
		application = { # Towed Hydrophone
			id = 6924
			name = "Towed Hydrophone"
			desc = "The towed hydrophone is made up of multiple tranducers which are towed at the end of a long cable behind the destroyer.  This allows for passive detection of submarines while the vessel is underway because the engines are far enough away to keep from blanking the noise of enemy submarines."
			
			required = { 6923 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Sonobouys
			id = 6925
			name = "Sonobouys"
			desc = "These are small, disposable ASDIC/sonar transducers that are dropped over the side of the vessel.  This allows the transducer to get beneath the layer of water where a sharp change in temperature that tends to reflect ASDIC/Sonar signals."
			required = { 6924 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  } # 3% increased Def efficiency of Convoys
			}
		}
		application = { # Air Dropped Sonobouys
			id = 6926
			name = "Air Dropped Sonobouys"
			desc = "These are small, disposable ASDIC/sonar transducers that can be dropped by an aircraft into the area where a submarine is suspected to be.  A small radio transmits the returning data to an operator on the aircraft.  Once the position of the submarine is determined, the plane can attack the enemy submarine."
			
			required = { 6925 6910 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = carrier when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_detection which = naval_bomber when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = naval_bomber when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  } # 2% increased Def efficiency of Convoys
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Decimetric Fire Control Radar
			id = 6927
			name = "Basic Decimetric Fire Control Radar"
			desc = "This is the first generation of fire control radar.  The radar attaches to the front of the director and allows the ship to get a more accurate range to the target even if the target is obscured by haze or smake.  The radar is not accurate enough to get a bearing on the target, so truely blind fire is not possible.  The antenna is heavy enough that it can nly be mounted on battleships."
			
			required = { 6718 6916 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 120
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Centimetric Fire Control Radar
			id = 6928
			name = "Basic Centimetric Fire Control Radar"
			desc = "This is a further development of fire control radar.  This radar is accurate enough to get a bearing to the target.  This allows the firing ship to fire at a target that it can't see.  This antenna is small enough to be mounted on cruisers as well as battleships."
			
			required = { 6922 6927 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 120
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Centimetric AA Radar
			id = 6929
			name = "Basic Centimetric AA Radar"
			desc = "This radar allows the vessel to accurately track inbound aircraft giving both the range and altitude.  This allows for accurate setting of AA shell fuses in addition to accurately calculating range and speed.  This radar also serves as a main battery fire control radar on destroyers."
			
			required = { 6928 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_attack which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 9
	
	level = { # Advanced Naval Designs
		id = 6940
		name = "Advanced Naval Designs"
		desc = "With the ending of the restrictions of the Washington Naval Treaty, many nations upgraded their designs to take advantage of greater available weight and size.  Much of the weight went into improving the armor protection."
				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Fast Steamer
			id = 6930
			name = "Fast Steamer"
			desc = "The need to move cargos quickly from point to point spurred the development of a fast merchant vessel.  These ships utilize a high pressure steam and a geared turbine to get their relatively high speed for a merchant vessel."
			
			required = { 6610 6725 6308 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 4
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Mass Produced Steamer
			id = 6931
			name = "Mass Produced Steamer"
			desc = "The development of welding and modular construction techniques allowed for simple mass produced cargo vessels.  They are powered by simple power plants and were not able to sustain much damage.  Historically this was the US Liberty-class steamers."
			
			required = { 6610 4802 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 6 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Attack Transport
			id = 6932
			name = "Attack Transport"
			desc = "This is a specialized vessel designed for transporting troops into a combat zone.  They have a limited means for defending themselves against enemy planes and warships and can absorb a little bit of damage.  Historically this was the US Henderson-class transports."
			
			required = { 6930 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 7 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Corvette
			id = 6933
			name = "Corvette"
			desc = "This is a small, easily produced escort vessel.  They are typically armed with two or three small guns and an extensive battery of ASW weaponry.  Historically this was the UK River-class and US Evert-class escorts."
			
			required = { 6911 4802 6520 14250 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # 2000 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6934
			name = "2000 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "This is a further development of the destroyer.  They have one or two more guns than the destroyers that were built before the war.  They have longitudinal frame which stretch the entire length of the vessel.  This gives them the ability to survive more damage than a conventionally framed vessel."
			
			required = { 6612 6917 6918 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Post-Treaty Light Cruiser
			id = 6935
			name = "Post-Treaty Light Cruiser"
			desc = "The removal of the 10000 ton limit imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty meant that armor could be added to the design.  The ships were able to serve as both scouts and escorts for the battleline and carrier forces.  Historically this was the Japanese Oyodo-class and UK Fiji-class light cruisers."
			
			required = { 6613 6917 6918 14252 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 8 }
			}
		}
		application = { # AA Light Cruiser
			id = 6936
			name = "AA Light Cruiser"
			desc = "This is a cruiser designed to escort capital ships from air attack.  They are also designed to serve as flotilla flagships for destroyer flotillas.  They are armed with multiple 127mm mounts and torpedo batteries.  They have limited effectiveness against other cruisers due to their small main battery.  Historically this was the US Atlanta-class and UK Dido-class light cruisers."
			
			required = { 6935 14251 6522 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 7 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Post-Treaty Heavy Cruiser
			id = 6937
			name = "Post-Treaty Heavy Cruiser"
			desc = "With the removal of the limitations imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty designers could improve the level of protection in their heavy cruisers to allow them to withstand the fire of other cruisers armed with 203mm guns.  Historically this was the US Baltimore-class heavy cruisers."
			
			required = { 6614 6916 6917 6918 14261 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 9 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Super Cruiser
			id = 6938
			name = "Super Cruiser"
			desc = "One of the limitations imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty was a limit of 203mm guns as a main armament.  These cruisers used a new lightweight 305mm gun to improve their striking power.  They are designed to cruiser standards with single rudders and mixed engine rooms.  Historically this was the US Alaska-class large cruisers."
			
			required = { 6937 14260 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Post-Treaty Battleship
			id = 6939
			name = "Post-Treaty Battleship"
			desc = "The removal of the tonnage limitations imposed by the Washington Naval Treaty allowed designers to get high speed in addition to the armor protection of earlier battleships.  They also have the same main armament of the previous class of battleships.  Historically this was the US Iowa-class and German Bismark-class battleships."
			
			required = { 6616 6916 6917 6918 14258 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 6 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Super Battleship
			id = 6945
			name = "Super Battleship"
			desc = "These designs started as hypothetical studies to find the limits of battleship designs.  As technology progessed it became possible to build the maximum battleship.  These behemoths have the heaviest armor and the largest guns afloat.  460mm guns can hit a target out to a range of 25 nm (47 km).  Historically this was the German H-Class and Japanese Yamato-class battleships."
			
			required = { 6939 14259 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 12
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 7 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Escort Carrier
			id = 6946
			name = "Escort Carrier"
			desc = "These are converted merchant hulls designed to operate limited air wings in support of convoys or amphibious operations.  They have no armor, and only limited ability to defend against air attack.  Historically this was the US Casablanca-class and UK Ruler-class carriers."
			
			required = { 6930 6727 4802 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Light Carrier
			id = 6947
			name = "Light Carrier"
			desc = "These are light cruiser hulls converted to aircraft carriers in order to get carriers into action more quickly.  They retained their belt armor which gives them some resistance to bombs and gunfire.  Historically this was the US Independence-class and Japanese Chitose-class light carriers."
			
			required = { 6935 6728 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Large Carrier
			id = 6948
			name = "Large Carrier"
			desc = "This is a development of the standard fleet carrier to give more survivability in combat.  They are equipped with an armored flight deck and heavier AA batteries.  Historically this was the US Midway-class and Japanese Shinano-class carriers."
			
			required = { 6618 6729 6730 6731 6732 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 8 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 10
	
	level = { # Semi-Modern Naval Technology
		id = 6970
		name = "Semi-Modern Naval Technology"
		desc = "Further developments in the field of electronics made improvements in naval warships possible.  These improvements included better radars, nuclear propullsion, and guided missiles."
				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Advanced Marine Electronics
			id = 6949
			name = "Advanced Marine Electronics"
			desc = "The use of computers as a part of electronic systems made them more efficient.  Radars benefited from operational experience with better designed antennas and displays."
			
			required = { 6920 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Centimetric Air Search Radar
			id = 6950
			name = "Advanced Centimetric Air Search Radar"
			desc = "The use of computers to process some of the radar data allowed for more effective raid detection.   More effective and sensitive antenna designs increased the range of the radar.  The improved antenna design also allowed the altitude of attacking planes to be determined.  This made it easier to vector fighters to the incoming raid."			

			required = { 6949 3804 3902 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Centimetric Surface Search Radar
			id = 6951
			name = "Advanced Centimetric Surface Search Radar"
			desc = "Advances in filtering allowed the radar to be more effective in poor weather conditions.  The operator is now able to filter out the clutter caused by rain and rough seas and pick up targets.  The improvements in the antenna design allow for more accurate determination of a surface target's location."
			
			required = { 14251 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = surface_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = surface_detection which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced ASDIC/Sonar
			id = 6952
			name = "Advanced ASDIC/Sonar"
			desc = "Improvements in the transducers used to create the ASDIC/sonar signal allowed the use of lower frequency sound waves.  This allows for longer ranges in deep water.  A lower frequency signal also penetrates the temperature layer that exists in deep water better.  This eliminates yet on more hiding place for enemy submarines."
			
			required = { 6949 3905 6923 6924 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  } # 2% increased Def efficiency of Convoys
			}
		}
		application = { # Basic Marine Jammer
			id = 6953
			name = "Basic Marine Jammer"
			desc = "Denying the enemy the use of his electronics and radars is almost as important as having your own sensors for use.  These jammers can jam a wide range of radar and control signals by sending out 'white noise' on the radio frequencies that the equipment uses to operate."
			
			required = { 6951 3905 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 20
			pos_offset = 40
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Semi-Modern Fire Control
			id = 6954
			name = "Semi-Modern Fire Control"
			desc = "The sombination of smaller computers with advanced optics allowed for more accurate control of the vessels weapons.  These improvements also allowed for the accurate control of guided missiles at long range."
			
			required = { 6914 3943 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Secondary Battery Directors
			id = 6955
			name = "Advanced Secondary Battery Directors"
			desc = "These small, lightly armored directors are more effective than their predessesors because of their use of basic computers to provide tracking of targets.  These directors also are powerful enough to serve as the main battery directors for cruisers and other similarly sized warships."
			
			required = { 6954 6917 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved AA BAttery Directors
			id = 6956
			name = "Improved AA Battery Directors"
			desc = "These new directors had the ablility to control multiple mounts.  The had a simple mechanical computer that required the operator to simply center the target in the sight while tracking and corrected lead information would be transmitted to the guns."
			
			required = { 6954 6918 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Improved Fire Control Computer
			id = 6957
			name = "Improved Fire Control Computer"
			desc = "This is an improvement of the basic fire control computer by substituting an electronic computer for the mechanical computer.  This allows for a more flexible and small fire control system that can integrate the range and bearing information provided my the new generation of accurate radars."
			
			required = { 6954 6919 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Anti-Ship Guided Missile Illuminator
			id = 6958
			name = "Anti-Ship Guided Missile Illuminator"
			desc = "This is the control station for anti-ship guided missiles.  It consists of a radar antenna for sending out the homing signal and the missile launcher controls.  The illuminator sends out a radar signal so the missile can home in on the reflections off the target."
			
			required = { 6957 6951 3972 7201 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Surface-to-air Guided Missile Illuminator
			id = 6959
			name = "Surface-to-air Guided Missile Illuminator"
			desc = "This is the control station used to control surface-to-air missiles.  It consists of a radar antenna and the control stationof the missile and launcher.  The illuminator works by sending out a radar signal so that the missile can home in on the signals reflected off the target."
			
			required = { 6958 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Anti-Ship Missile
			id = 6960
			name = "Naval Anti-Ship Missile"
			desc = "This a missile with a large warhead designed to attack other vessels out to the range of the horizon.  It is limited to the range of the horizon due to the requirement that it homes on a reflected radar signal from the firing vessel."
			
			required = { 7703 6968 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 120
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Long Range Surface-to-air Missile
			id = 6961
			name = "Naval Long Range Surface-to-air Missile"
			desc = "This is a long range surface-to-air missile that has been adapted for use onboard naval vessels.  This allows aircraft and missiles to be engaged while still away from the vessel.  A rocket motor boosts the missile away from the vessel and accelerates the missile to a speed wher the ramjet engine will operate.  Historically this was the US Talos system or Soviet SA-N-1 system.  This system is too large to mount on a vessel as a retrofit.  It requires a purpose built platform."
			
			required = { 7704 6959 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 120
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Naval Short Range Surface-to-air Missile
			id = 6962
			name = "Naval Short Range Surface-to-air Missile"
			desc = "This is a small missile designed for close in defense against aircraft and missiles.  It has a simple launcher with no automatic reloading capability.  It is easier to install than the long range system because of its smaller launcher and illuminators.  These missiles are powered by a small, solid rocket motor.  Historically this was the US Terrier and UK Tigercat missile systems."
			
			required = { 6961 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 120
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = air_defense which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = cruiser when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = battleship when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = air_defense which = carrier when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Surface Torpedo Homing System
			id = 6963
			name = "Homing Surface Torpedo"
			desc = "This system allows torpedoes to use sonar signals to home in on a target.  The homing is controlled by an operator on the firing vessel through a small wire that is trailed behind the torpedo."
			
			required = { 6925 6952 5801 5802 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Shaped Torpedo Warhead
			id = 6964
			name = "Shaped Torpedo Warhead"
			desc = "A shaped warhead sends a superheated jet of plasma buring into the target vessel.  This allows the warhead to create holes in layered defense systems consisting of layers of tanks."
			
			required = { 2885 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Semi-Modern Surface Torpedo
			id = 6965
			name = "Semi-Modern Surface Torpedo"
			desc = "This torpedo combines the surface torpedo homing system with a shaped warhead to get a powerful weapon.  This torpedo can be used against both surface targets and submarines."
			
			required = { 6733 6963 6964 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 120
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Anti-Submarine Rocket Launch Torpedo
			id = 6966
			name = "Anti-Submarine Rocket Launched Torpedo"
			desc = "A torpedo is boosted out towards a distant target by a rocket motor.  When the rocket reaches the proper range a self-homing torpedo is dropped into the water where it can attack the enemy submarine.  This allows for attacks on submarines before they can close with the convoy or fleet.  Historically this was the US ASROC system."
			
			required = { 6960 5942 6965 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 120
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Marine Engineering
			id = 6967
			name = "Advanced Marine Engineering"
			desc = "Towards the end of the war, marine engineering made important advances.  Many of these advances involved technologies that would have been undreamed of just a decade earlier, and some involved improvements on existing technology."
			
			required = { 6722 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Automated Steam Plant
			id = 6968
			name = "Automated Steam Plant"
			desc = "The steam plant is automated by sensors which can regulate the flow of air and fuel into the boiler.  This means that fewer personnel have to be present in the engine room for normal operations.  Other improvements allowed the burners in the boiler to be used longer without having to be changed and cleaned."
			
			required = { 6967 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Gas Turbine Engines
			id = 6969
			name = "Gas Turbine Engines"
			desc = "This is an aircraft turbojet engine modified to provide the propulsion power for a vessel.  The engine is connected to the propellor shaft through a set of gears to allow the engine to take advantage of its high rate of spin.  This type of engine requires great quantities of fuel and air to operate efficiently.  To balance out the use of fuel is the advantage that the vessel can get underway and accelerate more quickly than a vessel equipped with a standard steam plant and turbine."
			
			required = { 6967 7802 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 120
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Shipboard Nuclear Power Plant
			id = 6977
			name = "Shipboard Nuclear Power Plant"
			desc = "The development of nuclear power plants ashore was converted for use afloat when the advantages of range and power were realized.  The reactor replaces a conventional boiler as the steam generator in the power plant.  The high-pressure, superheated water is pumped from the reactor into a seperate steam generator where non-radioactive steam is generated to run through the turbines and operate auxillery equipment.  The radioactive water is circulated through the reactor core to provide cooling for the core.  The system is very heavy due to the requirements of heavy sheilding on the reactor and a seperate steam generator."
			
			required = { 6967 6968 8971 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 20
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced ASW Tactics
			id = 6978
			name = "Advanced ASW Tactics"
			desc = "As new equipment became available the tactics for hunting and destroying enemy submarines improved as well.  These tactics were intended to destroy the new generation of faster submarines before they could get close to a convoy or fleet and cause damage."
			
			required = { 6909 6952 13401}
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Standoff Tactics
			id = 6979
			name = "Standoff Tactics"
			desc = "Standoff tactics are designed to keep the submarine that you are hunting away from the target that you are protecting.  The important thing isn't always the kill, but keeping the submarine from accomplishing its mission."
			
			required = { 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = max_organization which = destroyer when = now value = 5 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Surface and Aircraft Coordination
			id = 6980
			name = "Surface and Aircraft Coordination"
			desc = "The use of aircraft to hunt submarines was not a new tactic.  The use of aircraft in coordination with surface vessels was.  Both platforms would use their sensors to track the target submarine and share the results.  This would make it more difficult for the submarine to evade because of the wider search area.  Once the position of the target was determined it could be attacked with stand-off ASW weapons or by the aircraft."
			
			required = { 6978 6910 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = naval_bomber when = now value = 1 }
			}
		}
		application = { # ASW Helicopters
			id = 6981
			name = "ASW Helicopters"
			desc = "The use of helicopters allows a small warship to increase the range at which it can detect and attack a submarine.  The destroyer is modified with a helideck aft to operate the helicopters.  This requires the removal of some of the aft guns.  The helicopter carries sonobuoys and depth charges which allow it to detect and attack submarines.  This also includes developing the equipment that is necessary for operations off of a destroyer."
			
			required = { 10030 6978 6926 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 120
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = sub_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 2 }
				command = { type = sub_detection which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = 1 }
				command = { type = naval_attack which = destroyer when = on_upgrade value = -2 }
				command = { type = supply_consumption which = destroyer when = on_upgrade = 2.0 }
				command = { type = sub_attack which = carrier when = now value = 2 }
				command = { type = sub_detection which = carrier when = now value = 1 }
				command = { type = convoy_def_eff value = 10  } # 5% increased Def efficiency of Convoys
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Naval Aviation Technology
			id = 6982
			name = "Advanced Naval Aviation Technology"
			desc = "The use of jets and heavy aircraft changed the way that aircraft were handled on aircraft carriers.  The higher speed of the jet, while valuable in the air, caused problems with recovery onboard the carrier."
			
			required = { 6726 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Angled Flight Deck
			id = 6983
			name = "Angled Flight Deck"
			desc = "As aircraft speeds increased it became more difficult to operate aircraft from a straight deck.  The problem was solved by building a sponson on the port side of the hull and adding a section of flight deck.  This allowed the deck to be angled away from the centerline of the carrier.  The angle of the deck allowed aircraft that missed their approach to increase power and take off again.  Prior to this the aircraft had to be recovered in a barrier stretched accross the flight deck.  It also allowed the carrier to launch and land aircraft simultaneously."
			
			required = { 6982 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Aircraft Handling Systems
			id = 6984
			name = "Advanced Aircraft Handling Systems"
			desc = "With the introduction of the angled flight deck, new equipment had to be developed to move the sircraft around the deck and get them rearmed quickly.  Specialized rearming tractors had to be developed to load the guided missiles and bombs that were being developed."
			
			required = { 6731 6983 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { }
			}
		}
		application = { # Steam Catapult
			id = 6985
			name = "Steam Catapult"
			desc = "The use of high pressure steam diverted from the ship's boilers resulted in heavier aircraft being able to operate from the carrier.  The catapult works by having a shuttle mounted in a track on deck.  The aircraft is attached to the shuttle which is propelled down the track by the pressure of the steam."
			
			required = { 6982 6968 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Advanced Arrestor Wires
			id = 6986
			name = "Advanced Arrestor Wires"
			desc = "As aircraft weights continued to increase, the landing speeds also increased.  The increased landing speeds were a direct result of the use of jet engines which had a higher stall speed than propeller aircraft.  Heavier duty wire ropes and hydraulic cylinders were necessary to deal with these changes."
			
			required = { 6732 6982 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
		application = { # Landing Signalling Device
			id = 6987
			name = "Landing Signalling Device"
			desc = "As aircraft landing speeds increased, the ability of a landing signalling officer standing on the stern of the carrier to judge the approach and signal corrections to the pilot decreased.  The solution was to set up a device that would signal the corrections to the pilot automatically.  The device is made up of lenses and mirrors which project a 'ball' which lets the pilot know if he is above or below the proper landing angle."
			
			required = { 6983 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = {  }
			}
		}
	} # Level 11
	
	level = { # Semi-Modern Warship Design
		id = 6988
		name = "Semi-Modern Warship Design"
		desc = "Further Development in electronics and engineering allowed for better designs of equipment.  This allowed designers to put more capability into their designs.  Nuclear propulsion and guided missiles gave these advantages over previous designs."
				
		cost = 20
		time = 180
		neg_offset = 45
		pos_offset = 90

		application = { # Nuclear Powered Merchant Vessel
			id = 6989
			name = "Nuclear Powered Merchant Vessel"
			desc = "This was thought to be the ultimate development of the merchant vessel.  Owners wouldn't be required to buy fuel for their ships any more.  They would be able to sail practically non-stop doing nothing but earning money.  But after the first ship entered service, it was discovered that keeping the nuclear power plant required the employment of an expensive, specialized crew.  That spelled the end of the nuclear powered merchant vessel.  The concept remains viable for use when it is necessary to have a large transport that can be steamed for long distances without stopping.  Historically this was the US Savannah-class transport."
		
			required = { 6930 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 7
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = transports value = 9 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Frigate
			id = 6990
			name = "Frigate"
			desc = "This is a development of the corvette.  The higher speed of new submarines required vessels that could accelerate and stop quickly.  A single screw connected to a gas turbine engine gave the frigate this ability.  They are optimized to hunt and kill enemy submarines but are also able to engage surface vessels in a limited manner.  Historically this was the US Knox-class frigates."
			
			required = { 6933 6969 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 3 }
			}
		}
		application = { # 2500 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6991
			name = "2500 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "This is a conventionally powered destroyer design.  Armed with up to six guns in multiple gun mounts, they are able to attack enemy vessels or protect the fleet against air attack.  Historically this was the US Allen M. Sumner-class and British Battle-class destroyers."
			
			required = { 6934 6955 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 6 }
			}
		}
		application = { # 3000 Ton Destroyer
			id = 6992
			name = "3000 Ton Destroyer"
			desc = "Further design work on the basic destroyer design resulted in a ship that was better all around.  The new destroyer was bigger, faster than its predissesors.  The use of gas turbines resulted in the use of more fuel, but the larger volume of the hull provided the extra storage space that was necessary.  Historically this was the US Forrest Sherman-class destroyers."
			
			required = { 6991 6969 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 5
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 7 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Guided Missile Destroyer
			id = 6993
			name = "Guided Missile Destroyer"
			desc = "This is a destroyer armed with a long range missile system for its main armament.  This is an improvement over the small main battery guns on other destroyers for area defence.  This type of destroyer is equipped with gas turbine engines to give them the advantages of high speed and quick acceleration.  Historically this was the US Charles F Adams-class and British County-class destroyers."
			
			required = { 6992 6961 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = destroyer value = 8 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Light Cruiser
			id = 6994
			name = "Nuclear Light Cruiser"
			desc = "This is a post-treaty light cruiser powered by a nuclear reactor.  This gives the vessel the advantage of nearly unlimited range without refueling.  This vessel is armed with 152mm guns for a main battery."
			
			required = { 6935 6977 6955 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 11 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Heavy Cruiser
			id = 6995
			name = "Nuclear Heavy Cruiser"
			desc = "This is a post-treaty heavy cruiser powered by a nuclear reactor.  This gives the vessel the advantage of nearly unlimited range without refueling.  This vessel is armed with 203mm guns for a main battery."
			
			required = { 6937 6977 6955 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 12 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Super Cruiser
			id = 6996
			name = "Nuclear Super Cruiser"
			desc = "This is a super cruiser powered by a nuclear reactor.  This gives the vessel the advantage of nearly unlimited range without refueling.  This cruiser is armed with 305mm guns."
			
			required = { 6938 6977 6955 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 13 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Guided Missile Cruiser
			id = 6997
			name = "Guided Missile Cruiser"
			desc = "This is a cruiser armed with guided missiles as the main battery in place of heavy guns.  This cruiser is equipped with gas turbine engines for propulsion.  This gives the vessel the advantage of high speed and quick acceleration.  The guided missiles give the vessel the ability to give good anti-aircraft coverage to a large fleet, but does limit the anti-ship capability.  Historically this was the US Albany-class guided missile cruisers."
			
			required = { 6936 6961 6969 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 6
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 14 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Guided Missile Cruiser
			id = 6998
			name = "Nuclear Guided Missile Cruiser"
			desc = "This is a cruiser armed with guided missiles as the main battery in place of heavy guns.  This cruiser is powered by a nuclear reactor which gives it the advantage of nearly unlimited range without refueling.  The guided missiles give the cruiser the ability to give good anti-aircraft coverage to a large fleet, but severely limits the anti-ship capability.  Historically this was the US Long Beach and Bainbridge-class guided missile cruisers."
			
			required = { 6997 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 8
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = cruiser value = 15 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Battleship
			id = 6624
			name = "Nuclear Battleship"
			desc = "This is a post-treaty battleship with a nuclear power plant.  This gives the battleship the advantage of nearly unlimited range without refueling.  This battleship is armed with 406mm guns as its main battery."
			
			required = { 6939 6977 6957 6955 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 10 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Guided Missile Battleship
			id = 6619
			name = "Guided Missile Battleship"
			desc = "This is a battleship with its main battery of 406mm guns supplimented with guided missiles.  It is armed with multiple anti-ship and anti-air guided missile batteries.  The heavy guns are available for use in shore bombardment and use against surface targets."
			
			required = { 6939 6961 6960 6967 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 8 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Guided Missile Battleship
			id = 6620
			name = "Nuclear Guided Missile Battleship"
			desc = "This is a battleship with its main battery of 406mm gun supplimented with guided missiles.  It is armed with multiple anti-ship and anti-air guided missiles batteried.  This battleship is powered with a nuclear reactor which gives the advantage of nearly unlimited range without refueling.  The 406mm guns remain available for use against shore tagets and for use against surface targets."
			
			required = { 6939 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = battleship value = 9 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Helicopter Carrier
			id = 6621
			name = "Helicopter Carrier"
			desc = "This is a small carrier designed to operate helicopters and VSTOL aircraft. It operates a small contengent of aircraft, a small contingent of helicopters for anti-submarine operations, and marines. Historically this was the British Bulwark-class carriers."
			required = { 6946 6968 10976 10030 3944 11403 6041 }  
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 2 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Super Carrier
			id = 6622
			name = "Super Carrier"
			desc = "This is the first class of carriers designed specifically to operate jet aircraft.  An angled flight deck allows aircraft to be launched and landed simultaneously.  The use of a steam catapult allows for heavy aircraft to be operated.  Historically this was the US Forrestal-class and Franch Foch-class carriers."
			
			required = { 6948 6968 6983 6984 6985 6986 6987 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 12
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 9 }
			}
		}
		application = { # Nuclear Super Carrier
			id = 6623
			name = "Nuclear Super Carrier"
			desc = "This is the ultimate development of the aircraft carrier.  Over 300m (1000 ft) in length and able to carry a large airwing, they are more powerful than many countries enitre air force.  They are powered by a nuclear reactor which gives them the advantage of nearly unlimited range without refueling.  Historically this was the US Enterprise and Nimitz-class carriers."
			
			required = { 6922 6977 }
			chance = 90
			cost = 10
			time = 90
			neg_offset = 30
			pos_offset = 60
			
			effects = {
				command = { type = new_model which = carrier value = 10 }
			}
		}
	} # Level 12
}